First report on isolation and characterization of Bacillus Sp. associated with honey bee brood disease
First report on isolation and characterization of Bacillus Sp. associated with honey bee brood disease Abstract Bacterial infections in honey bee brood pose a significant threat to bee populations, leading to decreased honey production and disrupting critical crop pollination networks. While Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius are well-established as major pathogens of honey bee eggs and larvae, the presence of other harmful bacteria in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan remains largely unexplored. Molecular characterization of Bacillus species and B. cereus isolates revealed the presence of key virulence genes, including the cry gene, known for its insecticidal properties. The ability of B. cereus to produce cytotoxins, haemolysins, and enterotoxins raises concerns about its impact on larval immunity and survival. Similarly, B. mycoides , a close relative of...