Thai Sacbrood Virus
Context: Research found that pathogen spillover from managed honey bees to wild pollinators poses a serious threat, with shared habitats facilitating disease transmission and endangering pollinator ecosystems.
About Thai Sacbrood Virus:
- Impact on Bees: Devastated 90% of Asiatic honeybee colonies in South India (1991–1992) and reemerged in Telangana in 2021.
- Symptoms: Kills larvae, preventing colony growth and reproduction.
- Geographical Spread: Reported in India, China, and Vietnam.
- Host Range: Less virulent in western honeybees but significantly threatens Asiatic honeybees (Apis cerana indica).
- India hosts more than 700 bee species, including four indigenous honey bees Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana indica), giant rock bee (Apis dorsata), dwarf honey bee (Apis florea), and the stingless bee (sp. Trigona).
- Western honey bees were introduced in India in 1983 to increase the country’s honey yield.
- Transmission: Unclear pathways; likely through shared habitats or migratory routes of managed bees.
Additional information:
· Pathogen Spillover: Occurs when pathogens jump from one species (e.g., managed honeybees) to another (e.g., wild pollinators) due to shared habitats.
· Pathogen Spillback: Happens when pathogens from wild species return to infect the original host species (e.g., managed honeybees), often in more virulent forms.
Other Diseases Impacting Butterflies:
- Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE): A protozoan parasite that infects monarch butterflies, leading to wing deformities and shortened lifespans.
- Nosema: A fungal disease that affects butterfly reproduction and energy levels.
- Baculovirus: Impacts caterpillar stages, causing high mortality rates.
- Viral Polyhedrosis: Targets larvae, disrupting metamorphosis and development.
- Bacterial Infections: Pathogens like Serratia marcescens can infect butterflies, particularly in captive populations.
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